Over the last 200 years, electricity has become an essential part of most aspects of modern life. One of the first successful, publicly available applications of electricity was the early incandescent light bulb.

Although electricity obviously brought along some new dangers with it, it eliminated some of the old ones. For example, the gas lighting that was generally used in factories and homes before electricity used naked flames.

The Joule heating effect that is used in light bulbs is also used in electric heating. Electric heating, although easily controllable and versatile, could be deemed wasteful as heat has already been used to create this electricity in power stations.

A few countries, including Denmark have introduced new laws restricting the use of electric heating in new buildings as it is having an adverse affect on climate change. However as the global temperature rises the demand for Air conditioning goes up, and so climate change is getting worse with a snowball effect.

Another area that depends on electricity to function is telecommunication. The electric telegraph was in fact one of the first ways in which electricity was used successfully.

In the 1860s, electricity had made global communication possible with the first intercontinental telegraph systems (this was of course before the telephone) and then the first transatlantic ones. Since then, satellite communication and optical fibre have taken a share of the communications market, but electricity is sure to remain a vital part of the process.

You can visibly see electromagnetism best in an electric motor, which is one of the best providers of clean, motive power. A motor that doesn’t move, like that of a winch, can easily be powered by an external source, but an electric motor that needs to move with its application, like an electric scooter, must carry a power supply such as a battery along with it, unless it uses a pantograph like cable cars.

Perhaps the most important invention of the 1900s is the transistor. It is a vital part of all modern electrical circuits and a modern integrated circuit may contain several billion miniaturised transistors in a region of only a few centimetres squared.

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